The task of this study is to interrogate the underlying factors behind the recurrence of the herdsmen-farmers conflict and its emergent threat to the corporate existence of Nigeria. Consequently, this study is laid on the premise that it is the failure of the Nigerian state to carry out its fundamental function of the protection of lives and private properties that is responsible for the herdsmen-farmers conflict. As an explanatory device, this study utilised the structural-functionalist approach. Methodology for this study comprised the time series as research design; data were gathered from secondary sources, using the documentary observational method, while descriptive statistical tools were employed in data analysis. This work found out that state failure to protect the private properties of both herders and farmers is positively associated with herdsmen-farmers violence in Nigeria. Similarly, this study concluded that herders-farmers conflict poses a serious threat to the corporate existence of Nigeria. Therefore, it was recommended that urgent steps should be taken to improve the capacity of the Nigerian state to protect lives and properties.

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