This report draws on desk and field research, as well as meetings and interviews with experts, practitioners, policymakers, and individuals working within the UN Secretariat and agencies, field missions, governments, and nongovernmental organizations. Research by the Powering Peace team was conducted from 2017-2020, including field visits to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lebanon, and South Sudan. Additional interviews were held with UN mission leadership and officials in field missions (including in the Central African Republic, Kosovo, Mali, and Somalia) and in New York, Washington, D.C., and elsewhere. This report also builds off a working paper of the same name, published in February 2020, which was used to facilitate expert engagement and solicit feedback from stakeholders on its interim findings. To that end, Powering Peace would like to thank the Belgian Mission to the United Nations for hosting our team for a roundtable discussion in December 2019. We would also like to thank the Social Science Research Council and the Loomis Council for additional workshops in 2018 and 2019.